【笔笔笔记记记】每天做点语法笔记~和自己的理解~

每天做点语法笔记~和自己的理解~【各种无节操造句~加深印象】
欢迎牛人提出更多注意事项。
Coordination(并列)
1.
用同种短语，同种词性的词，同种从句~表达两个【相同重要】的内容。
Ex.We play baseball in the spring and
summer, football in the fall, and basketball in the winter.
Jiecao Wu chased an American girl, a Chinese guy, and a Thailand
shemale last year.
2.
并列复合句(把两个独立分句捆在一起)
-------》》》》》》用到下列连词：and(addition) but(contrast) so(result) or(choice) yet(surprise)：目测和but基本用法一致 for(reson)：目测是because的意思~效果弱 nor( Addition of a negative):单用和neither..nor用法不同。
这些词前面会出现逗号。也就是XXXXX,
and(ex.)XXXXXX 看到没有 美丽的小逗号~
Ex. The Gaofushuai loves ZHONG HUA, and he
buys a new pack almost everyday.
戳戳戳~谁接着往下造句
3.
写作文的时候如果被发现用and so but 开头~就洗干净菊花等着吧~不能用在正式写作中
4.
不能把逗号放在两个动词短语中间~
来个错误的EX Wujiecao has messed the Baidu Tieba, and kidnapped Liyanhong.(大错特错~放上逗号就屎定了)
5.用nor 的时候要倒装~也就是助动词提到主语前面
My parents did
not teach me how to chase girls, nor did I learn at school.
Feel free to make
your own sentences!!!

-----》》》》》用连接副词连接词及词组及分句
Addition: not only… but also both….and
Positive choices:either… or 两个里面选一个
Negative choices:neither…nor 两个都不选
Which one of two choices: whether…or…… 是….还是……（这玩意中文意思想了半天）
还是一样~否定词not only…but also neither…nor 连接句子的时候助词提前。
EX. Neither did he go to the party, not did I。
!!!!!并行格式!!!!!!
用连词~或者连接副词连接句子的时候~连接单词（词性要一样）连接短语（性质到一样）连接句子构成要一样。但是不要重复~就和乘法分配率一样~重复的玩意可以提出来
EX. I like her dress and shoes. 提了her出来
考试猜猜估计考倒装比较多~还有考连接词意思的~
写作文的时候要注意标点~同时用连接词让文章过度更流畅.
2013.2.5 大饼出品

留

【Tip】: 几种 for example 的格式 注意标点~
I like sports; for example, I like playing soccer.
I like sports. For example, I like playing soccer.
I like sports, for example, playing soccer.
I like sports, for example: playing soccer, swimming and running.
I like sports. I like playing soccer, for example.
I like sports, playing soccer for example.

Subordination(从属） 前面讲的是左右不分大小~现在分大小（从句概述）
独立分句（拉出来单独成句貌似叫主句）+非独立分句（拉出来不能表达完整意思貌似叫从句）
---------》》》》》状语从句 adverb clauses （表示两个从主句关系）
Subordinating conjunctions for adverb clauses
Time: after/as, just as/ as long as/ before/since/ until/ when/ whenever/ while
Place: where/wherever/anywhere/everywhere
Reason: as/because/since
Result: so+adj+that/so+adv+that/such a(n) + n+that/ so much(many, little,few)+n+that
Contrast: although/even though/though
Opposition: while/whereas
Manner； as/just as/ as if/ as though/ 目测翻译成好像的意思
Distance：as+adverb+as EX as far as/ as close as/......
Frequency: as often as
Purpose: so that/ in order that
Condition: if/ unless

【Tip】：
1.》》》》》当用到while 和whereas 的时候 都会用到逗号 也就是
........... , while.............
While................, .....................
2.》》》》》但是其他词~也分两种情况
独立分句在前（不带连接词的部分) + 非独立分句在后（带连接词） 中间不用逗号~
所以because前面加逗号的都是二缺 用because来举例子
来个错误的EX：Gai failed his English class, because he did not study hard. 这个大逗号用得大错特错
再来个正确的EX ：Because he did not study hard，Gai failed his English class。这个逗号用得就是100%正确了
3.》》》》》 although 和 but 不能连用~ 地球人都知道.

------》》》》》定语从句(作用相当于一个形容词~修饰名词或代词）
Human: who,whom,whose, that
Thing: which that
Place: where
Time: when
限制性定语从句（从句是必要信息） 连接词前面没有逗号
非限制性定语从句（从句只是额外补充信息） 连接词前面有逗号
EX1. My sister who had 60% or more on the final exam passed the class.
Imply:只有考60及以上的姐姐才过关了
EX2. My sister，who had 60% or more on the final exam，passed the class.
Imply：所有姐姐都过关了~
-------.》》》》》名词性从句（从句功能是一个名词可以做主语或者宾语）
1.名词性从句里面毛有逗号~不要把逗号放在连接词前面
2.用陈述句语气
3.用what的时候从句缺宾语或主语~用that 和 which 从句中不缺
常用用到的地方：
XXX said that....
XXXreported that...
XXXknows that
XXX showed that...
XXXdiscuss what......
XXXwonder whether.......
It is +adj +that......

------》》》》》用同位语（本质上来说是另外一个名词或者名词性短语来修饰先行词）
1. 把定语从句的be动词和连接词去掉~
Even women are supporting family , (which was) traditionally a man’s responsibility.
去掉括号里的东西就变成
Even women are supporting family, traditionally a man’s responsibility.
2. 连接两个句子~但是去掉重复信息。
Wu jiecao is a smart person. He is a young man from Baidu Tieba.
Wu jiecao, a young man from Baidu Tieba, is a smart person.
这种情况~在同位语前和后都加逗号~（同位语信息是额外的不重要）
The famous singer Eason Chen broken his leg. 这里同位语是Eason Chen~ 是必要信息~不然我们不知道谁断腿了~当使用必要信息做同位语时~不加逗号~

-----》》》》》简化定语从句
主动语态~一般现在时~将来时~一般过去时~进行时的句子可以去掉连接词和后面的助词~把动词改为ing形式 (目测完成时态貌似是不能用的）
如果是被动语态~改成过去分词ed形式
EX. Mike, who believed pill is harmful，did not take the pills.
改为~Mike, believing pill is harmful, did not take teh pill.
改过的短语可以在主句前~或者后面~。
EX. Believing pill is harmful，Mike did not take teh pill.

定语从句（adjective clause)
关系代词:
人：who whom that
物：which that
关系副词：
时间：when
地点：where